Medical Laboratory Science

Evaluation of changes in coagulation factors in fresh frozen plasma during storage at-18° C for 5 weeks at Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital

2024-04-23T14:56:09Z

Evaluation of changes in coagulation factors in fresh frozen plasma during storage at-18° C for 5 weeks at Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital Ogolla, Collince. O; Demba, Rodgers .N Fresh frozen plasma is a critical substitute therapy in management of bleeding. Increased risk of venous thrombosis has been described to be associated with high plasma levels of several coagulation factors.

Gender Influence on Changes of Coagulation Factors in Fresh Frozen Plasma at Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital

2024-04-23T14:49:30Z

Gender Influence on Changes of Coagulation Factors in Fresh Frozen Plasma at Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital Ogolla, Collince Odiwuor; Demba, Rodgers Norman Fresh frozen plasma is a critical substitute therapy in management of bleeding. Increased risk of venous thrombosis has been described to be associated with high plasma levels of several coagulation factors. https://dx.doi.org/10.33140/IJCMER

Association between Blood Group and Change in Coagulation Factors in Plasma Preparations for Transfusion Purpose at Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital

2024-04-23T14:43:14Z

Association between Blood Group and Change in Coagulation Factors in Plasma Preparations for Transfusion Purpose at Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital Ogolla, Collince Odiwuor; Nyanchongi, Benson; Demba, Rodgers Norman Blood component therapy helps in managing patients with reduced hematopoiesis, elevated peripheral destruction of cells, and generalized blood loss (bleeding). Increased prevalence of arterial and venous thrombotic disease linked to the impact of ABO blood group on plasma levels of coagulation glycoprotein is demonstrated by blood group non-O persons. Objective. This study had a main objective of determining the association between blood group and change in coagulation factors in plasma preparation for transfusion purpose. Methods. The study employed a longitudinal study design. Factor assay evaluation was done by the use of Erba Mannheim ECL 105 semiautomated coagulation analyzer from India. Thawing meant for consequent coagulation factor analysis and sequential testing of stored cryoprecipitate and fresh frozen plasma was performed by the use of Stericox plasma thawing bath before being analyzed by the coagulation analyzer. Blood group of the collected blood sample in purple EDTA vacutainer was analyzed using blood antisera and a clean white tile, and results were recorded which helped in establishing the association existing between plasma and blood group. The data were fed into Excel and were evaluated by the use of SPSS version 25. Results. There was no significant association between coagulation factors in fresh frozen plasma and blood group, coagulation factors in cryoprecipitate plasma and blood group of the donors showed that the relationship was not significant with, (r = −0.116, −0.097, 0.007 and 0.047 with P value (0.900, 0.087, 0.096 and 0.096), respectively, which are greater than 0.005 standard alpha value. Conclusion. This study has shown no significant association existing between blood group and change in coagulation factors in plasma preparations at Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3749773

Evaluation of changes in coagulation factors in fresh frozen plasma during storage at -18°C for 5 weeks at Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital.

2023-05-15T11:06:23Z

Evaluation of changes in coagulation factors in fresh frozen plasma during storage at -18°C for 5 weeks at Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital. Collince O. Ogolla, Rodgers N. Demba Background: Fresh frozen plasma is a critical substitute therapy in management of bleeding. Increased risk of venous thrombosis has been described to be associated with high plasma levels of several coagulation factors. Methodology: This study was a longitudinal study involving time series analysis of fresh frozen plasma stored at -18°C for five weeks. A sample of 180 ml plasma was obtained from the blood centrifuged at 4000rpm which was aliquoted into three parts each containing 60ml. The first aliquot was used to assess the changes in coagulation factors in FFP at baseline during the first week of sample collection, the second aliquot was used to assess the changes in coagulation factors in FFP storage at -18°C temp after three weeks of storage, the third aliquot was used to assess the changes in coagulation factors in FFP storage at -18°C temp after five weeks of storage. Coagulation factor analysis was performed using Erba Mannheim ECL 105 coagulation analyzer, India factor results recorded. Thawing for subsequent coagulation factor analysis and serial testing of stored cryoprecipitate and fresh frozen plasma was done using Stericox Plasma Thawing Bath at 37°C, for 45 mins before before analyzing the samples. Standard storage conditions for the aliquots were monitored and maintained to ensure homogeneity. Results: The findings showed significant changes in the coagulation factors in FFP during storage at -18 for a period to five weeks with chi-square value of 216.000 and asymptomatic significance value (p-value) <0.0001* less than the standard alpha 0.05. Conclusion: There was a constant decrease of coagulation factors in fresh frozen plasma during storage at -18°C for 5 weeks at Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisii County

Determinants of Uptake of Intermittent Preventive Treatment for Malaria among Pregnant Women in Suba Sub-County, Homabay County, Kenya

2021-07-19T08:33:18Z

Determinants of Uptake of Intermittent Preventive Treatment for Malaria among Pregnant Women in Suba Sub-County, Homabay County, Kenya Kenneth Otieno Omodhi, Charles Angira, Samson Ong’wen Adoka Background: Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) is one of the effective and efficacious interventions recommended for prevention of malaria in pregnancy. The drug of choice is Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP) and Kenya adopted the use of IPTp in line with revised 2012 recommendation by WHO. Method: A cross sectional study was carried out in Suba Sub County to established determinants of uptake of IPTp, from July 2017 to December 2019. The target population was women of reproductive age (15-49 years old) who had live births two years preceding the study and who visited ANC clinic. All health facilities providing ANC services were purposively selected and stratified Systematic random sampling technique was used to sample the mothers who had given birth during the last 24 months from ANC clients register. Quantitative data collection was carried out using questionnaires that were administered to respondents. All mother –child booklets were checked to confirm whether the respondent received IPTp during her last pregnancy. Results: A total of 382 women who had live births two years prior to the study and who sought ANC services were interviewed. The study revealed that 59.5 % of respondents received three or more doses of IPTp-SP, with 17.2% receiving at least one dose. Women who attended ANC clinic three or more times had a higher odds of receiving three or more doses of IPTp-SP (OR=1.0), compared with women who attended clinic less than three times (OR=0.04).Women who stayed six or more Km away from health facility were less likely to receive three or more doses of IPTp-SP (OR=0.21). Women who took 30 or more minutes to reach health facility were most likely to receive three or more doses of IPTp –SP (OR=2.93) compared with women who took less than 30 minutes. Conclusion: The study revealed that majority of pregnant women attended ANC clinic three or more times and not all women interviewed received the recommended three or more doses of IPTp.

Knowledge and perceptions on malaria and its association with aquatic habitats

2021-01-11T10:09:57Z

Knowledge and perceptions on malaria and its association with aquatic habitats SO Adoka, DN Anyona, P Abuom, AS Matano, SK Gichere, T Okurut, WO Opiyo, D Othero, JM Vulule, AV Ofulla Background: Malaria remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality among children in Kenya. About 70 percent of the population is at risk of infection, and roughly 34,000 young children die of malaria-related causes annually. Objective: To investigate the knowledge and perceptions of the local people for malaria in relation to aquatic habitats along the Kenyan Lake Victoria basin. Design: Community-based cross-sectional study. Setting: The Kenyan Lake Victoria basin Region. Subjects: Two hundred and fourty three individuals (both women and men residing in the beaches and surrounding areas) were interviewed about their knowledge and perceptions regarding malaria. Results: Mosquitoes were perceived to be the main cause of malaria. Most respondents were familiar with the main signs and symptoms of mild malaria. Majority of the respondents had poor knowledge of mosquito breeding habitats with 45% mentioning the lake and only 18.6 and 8.9% mentioning ponds and dams, respectively. Most female respondents did not know the difference between mosquitoes and lake flies, P=0.03, Fishers exact test. The majority (97.5%) of the respondents reported seeking conventional malaria treatment from health institutions. Conclusion: Mosquitoes are perceived to be the main cause of malaria by both males and females. A significant proportion of the respondents were familiar with the main signs and symptoms of malaria and sought conventional medicine for treatment of the disease. Most of the respondents, however, had poor knowledge on the breeding habitats of mosquitoes. Concerted effort is needed to scale-up health education and improve the knowledge of the community about mosquitoes and their breeding habitats, particularly malaria vectors which do not breed in deep lake waters. Effective anti-malarial drugs should also be available at the grassroots level where the problem of malaria is rampant.

Spatial distribution and habitat characterization of schistosomiasis host snails in lake and land habitats of western K enya

2021-01-11T10:07:24Z

Spatial distribution and habitat characterization of schistosomiasis host snails in lake and land habitats of western K enya Ayub V Ofulla, Samson O Adoka, Douglas N Anyona, Paul O Abuom, Diana Karanja, John M Vulule, Tom Okurut, Ally‐Said Matano, Gabriel O Dida, Tsuma Jembe, John Gichuki Intermediate host snails of schistosomiasis were surveyed in this study to determine their abundance and distribution in the lake and land aquatic habitats of Lake Victoria basin of Kenya. Several sites were sampled at eight locations, both in the lake and on the land. The habitat and/or vegetation type (i.e. open water, hippo grass, hyacinth, ambatch trees, other vegetation, stream, swamp, pond, dam) of the sampled aquatic sites within the locations were also differentiated, water physicochemical parameters were determined, and the abundance of different species or taxa of phytoplankton and zooplankton were enumerated and correlated with the abundance of schistosomiasis snails in the sites. The results indicated significantly more Biomphalaria sudanica snails than Bulinus africanus snails in different physical habitats on land (Student’s t-test, P < 0.05), as well as in different locations on land (Student’s t-test, P = 0.026). Regression analyses revealed that several physicochemical parameters, including dissolved oxygen (R2 = 0.659; n = 8; P = 0.014), pH (R2 = 0.728; n = 8; P = 0.007) and turbulence (R2 = 0.616; n = 8; P = 0.02), were predictive of Biomphalaria spp. abundance, while pH (R2 = 0.610; n = 8; P = 0.02) and turbulence (R2 = 0.578; n = 8; P = 0.028) were predictive of Bulinus spp. abundance in different locations in the lake. Cyanobacteria (R2 = 0.638; n = 8; P = 0.02) and chlorophyceae (R2 = 0.50; n = 8; P = 0.05) were shown to be predictive of both Biomphalaria spp. and Bulinus spp. abundance in different locations in the lake. Zooplankton abundance varied significantly between different locations in the lake (One-way ANOVA, P < 0.001). Bosmina spp. were found to be predictive of both Biomphalaria spp. (R2 = 0.627; n = 8; P = 0.01) and Bulinus spp. (R2 = 0.50; n = 8; P = 0.05) in different locations in the lake. The results from this study will help inform policy regarding control measures for schistosomias and intermediate snail hosts in Lake Victoria waters, as well as in adjacent terrestrial aquatic habitats and even beyond.

Distribution and abundance of schistosomiasis and fascioliasis host snails along the Mara River in Kenya and Tanzania

2021-01-11T10:04:47Z

Distribution and abundance of schistosomiasis and fascioliasis host snails along the Mara River in Kenya and Tanzania Gabriel O Dida, Frank B Gelder, Douglas N Anyona, Ally-Said Matano, Paul O Abuom, Samson O Adoka, Collins Ouma, Canisius K Kanangire, Phillip O Owuor, Ayub VO Ofulla We purposively selected 39 sampling sites along the Mara River and its two perennial tributaries of Amala and Nyangores and sampled snails. In addition, water physicochemical parameters (temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, alkalinity, salinity and pH) were taken to establish their influence on the snail abundance and habitat preference. Out of the 39 sites sampled, 10 (25.6%) had snails. The snail species encountered included Biomphalaria pfeifferi Krauss the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, Bulinus africanus the intermediate host of Schistosoma haematobium, and Lymnaea natalensis Krauss the intermediate host of both Fasciola gigantica and F. hepatica Cobbold. Ceratophallus spp., a non-vector snail was also encountered. Most (61.0%) of the snails were encountered in streamside pools. Schistosomiasistransmitting host snails, B. pfeifferi and B. africanus, were fewer than fascioliasis-transmitting Lymnaea species. All the four different snail species were found to be attached to different aquatic weeds, with B. pfeifferi accounting for over half (61.1%) of the snails attached to the sedge, followed by B. africanus and Lymnaea spp., accounting for 22.2 and 16.7%, respectively. Ceratophallus spp. were non-existent in sedge. The results from this preliminary study show that snails intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis and fascioliasis exists in different habitats, in few areas along the Mara River, though their densities are still low to have any noticeable impacts on disease transmission in case they are infected. The mere presence of the vector snails in these focal regions calls for their immediate control and institution of proper regulations, management, and education among the locals that can help curtail the spread of the snails and also schistosomiasis and fascioliasis within the Mara River basin.

Community perceptions of schistosomiasis transmission, prevalence and control in relation to aquatic habitats in the Lake Victoria basin of Kenya

2021-01-11T10:01:49Z

Community perceptions of schistosomiasis transmission, prevalence and control in relation to aquatic habitats in the Lake Victoria basin of Kenya SO Adoka, DN Anyona, PO Abuom, GO Dida, D Karanja, JM Vulule, T Okurut, AS Matano, SK Gichere, AVO Ofulla Background: Intestinal schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni and urinary schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium are widely distributed parasites in several localities of the Lake Victoria basin of Kenya, the former being more prevalent. In Kenya, transmission of the intestinal form of bilharzia (S. mansoni) tends to be closely confined to narrow zones along the shores of large bodies of water such as Lake Victoria where it is endemic and the intermediate host is found. The prevalence of S. mansoni along the Kenyan Lake Victoria basin ranges between 40% and 80%. Objective: To assess the community’s knowledge and perceptions of schistosomiasis prevalence, transmission and control in relation to aquatic habitats in the Lake Victoria basin of Kenya. Design: Community-based cross-sectional study. Setting: The Kenyan Lake Victoria basin. Subjects: Two hundred and forty three individuals (both women and men residing in the beaches and surrounding areas) were interviewed about their knowledge and perceptions regarding schistosomiasis. Results: The community regarded schistosomiasis as a naturalistic disease not caused by supernatural forces but by an agent of contamination in water. Knowledge on schistosomiasis transmission and control was low, with 42% of the respondents having no idea on how schistosomiasis is contracted, while 22% and 18% of the respondents mentioned contact with contaminated water and drinking / eating dirty water / food, respectively. Most respondents were familiar with the snails’ habitats, but had poor knowledge on aquatic plants harbouring snails, as 57% of the respondents did not know about aquatic plants being associated with schistosomiasis snails. Only 3% of the respondents associated snails with schistosomiasis transmission. Sixty percent (60%) of the respondents mentioned use of tablets and injections as means of treating schistosomiasis, while 38% had no idea how it is treated and 2% mentioned use of local herbs and services of medicine men. Conclusion: Majority of Kenyan Lake Victoria basin inhabitants had little awareness about schistosomiasis despite high prevalence of the disease in the region. There is need to adapt prevention and control strategies to the people’s livelihoods. There is also need to target the less advantaged members of the community such as women, uneducated and subsistence farmers for intense health education strategies aimed at increasing participation in the control of schistosomiasis. Study to elicit divergence between biomedical and local understandings of schistosomiasis/bilharzia is suggested