Internal Medicine

Haemostatic disorders in patients with breast cancer at Kenyatta national hospital, Kenya

2010-01-01T00:00:00Z

Haemostatic disorders in patients with breast cancer at Kenyatta national hospital, Kenya Peter K. Asaava Haemostatic disorders (thrombosis and haemorrhage) are increasingly being investigated and assessed as factors that influence outcome of treatment of solid tumors including breast cancer. There is little data available on prevalence and influence of these disorders in patients with breast cancer locally. Donation

Selected genes of Human herpesvirus-8 associated Kaposi’s sarcoma among patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 and Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease Syndrome

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

Selected genes of Human herpesvirus-8 associated Kaposi’s sarcoma among patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 and Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease Syndrome Demba, Rodgers Norman, Nathan Shaviya, Sylviah Mweyeli Aradi, Walter Mwanda Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a kind of cancer that causes flat or raised lesions containing Human herpes virus 8 (HHV8). The KS lesions are common among immunosuppressed HIV patients. Highly Active Antiretroviral (HHART) treats and prevents the development of KS. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of K1 and K15 (predominant alleles) genes in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) among immunosuppressed patients due to HIV -1.

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus protein ORF75 among HIV-1 patients in Kenya

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus protein ORF75 among HIV-1 patients in Kenya Demba, N Rodgers, Sylviah M Aradi, Matilu Mwau, Walter O Mwanda Histology is used to identify Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in countries with low resources to fund healthcare costs. Approximately 95% of KS cases can be detected using a polymerase chain reaction The article can also be accessed online via: http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v9i1.939

Cytopenia among CML Patients on Imatinib in Kenya: Types, Grades, and Time Course

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

Cytopenia among CML Patients on Imatinib in Kenya: Types, Grades, and Time Course Angela McLigeyo , 1 Jamilla Rajab,2 Mohammed Ezzi,2 Peter Oyiro,3 Yatich Bett,4 Andrew Odhiambo,2 Matilda Ong’ondi,3 Sitna Mwanzi , Mercy Gatua, and NAOthieno- Abinya Imatinib mesylate is the gold standard for the treatment of all phases of Philadelphia-positive chronic myeloid leukemia. Patients on imatinib treatment may develop cytopenia due to drug toxicity. *is study aimed to determine the types, grades, and time course of cytopenia in CML patients on imatinib at a Nairobi hospital. Methods. *is was a cross-sectional descriptive study of adult patients aged ≥18 years followed up at the Glivec International Patient Access Program (GIPAP) clinic from 2007 to 2015. Patients who developed cytopenia within 12 months of initiating imatinib were eligible. Clinical and he matologic data were retrieved from the patients’ charts and entered into a study proforma. Measures of central tendency such as mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and variance were used for analysis. Results. Sixty three percent (63.6%) of the 94 patients developed a monocytopenia, with anemia seen in 34%, neutropenia in 27.6%, and thrombocytopenia in 8% of the 94 patients. Anemia plus neutropenia was the most common bicytopenia at 12.7%. Pancytopenia was seen in only 5 of the 94 patients. Most of the cytopenia was grades 2 and 3. Anemia was present at baseline while neutropenia and thrombocytopenia developed within 12 months of imatinib initiation. Anemia resolved during the first 12 months of therapy while neutropenia and thrombocytopenia resolved within 24–36 months of treatment. Conclusion. Monocytopenia, especially anemia, was the most common type of cytopenia. *e cytopenia was predominantly grade 2, developed in majority of the patients within 6 months after imatinib initiation, and had resolved by 24–36 months after imatinib initiation https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ah/2020/7696204

COVID-19 pandemic: impacts on the achievements of Sustainable Development Goals in Africa

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

COVID-19 pandemic: impacts on the achievements of Sustainable Development Goals in Africa Goodness Ogeyi Odey, Abrar Gamal Abdallah Alawad, Ouma Sarah Atieno, Elsa Olubunmi Carew-Bayoh, Esther Fatuma, Isaac Olushola Ogunkola, Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno III Since the launch of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, Africa has made some progress towards its achievements, particularly in the area of gender equality- SDG 5, climate change -SDG 13 and preserving life on land- SDG 15. Although, some African countries have made tangible impact on the other goals such as health, food production and economic growth; these efforts experienced some setbacks with attention shifting to curbing the spread of the novel coronavirus. As much as mitigating the spread of the spread of COVID-19 is important, so is ensuring efforts made on other goals are not lost, as the SDGs are much interconnected, and failure in one impacts others. For the African continent to achieve sustainable development beyond COVID-19, strategic actions which will involve innovations, evaluations and strong political will towards implementations must be taken by relevant stakeholders, so the continent is not left behind in the global goals achievement by 2030.

Risk Of Transmission Of Hepatitis B And C Virus Through Blood Transfusion Due To Screening Methods At The National Blood Transfusion Centre In Nairobi, Kenya

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

Risk Of Transmission Of Hepatitis B And C Virus Through Blood Transfusion Due To Screening Methods At The National Blood Transfusion Centre In Nairobi, Kenya 59. Muasya T Khamadi S, Kakai R, Oluoch J The purpose of this study is to highlight the risk of transmitting HBV and HCV in blood banks in Kenya. This was a center based cross-sectional study. A total of 600 samples for blood donors attending the Regional Blood Transfusion Center in Nairobi, Kenya during the study period with negative HBsAg and HCV antibody test results were used for this study. The sera was screened for both Anti-HBc total (Bio-rad) and HCV Ag by ELISA techniques. HBV DNA and HCV RNA were screened using PCR. Out of the 600 samples 54/600 (9%) were found to be positive for anti HBc. HBV-DNA was detected in 8/600 (1.3%). 12/600 (2%) were found to be positive for HCV Ag and HCV RNA was detected in 3/600 (0.5%) of the samples. There is a relatively high burden of occult HBV and HCV infections in our environment and the use of HBsAg anti HCV alone for screening either in blood transfusion or transplantation services does not eliminate the risk of HBV and HCV transmissions.

May Measurement Month 2018: an analysis of blood pressure screening from Kenya

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

May Measurement Month 2018: an analysis of blood pressure screening from Kenya 36. Elijah N Ogola, Anders Barasa, Yubrine M Gachemba, Felix Barasa, Bernard M Gitura, Wafula Nalwa, Anne Wairagu, Thomas Beaney, Anca Chis Ster, Neil R Poulter Hypertension (HTN) is highly prevalent and the leading cardiovascular risk factor for death globally. A large proportion of individuals with high blood pressure (BP) are unaware leading to under treatment and poor control. To address this, the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) initiated a global mass screening cam paign, the May Measurement Month 2017 (MMM17), in which Kenya participated. Following the success of the campaign, its successor MMM18 was launched. Here, we present the Kenyan results for MMM18. Opportunistic screening of consenting adults was done in various sites across Kenya in May 2018, by volunteers trained us ing ISH material, under the co-ordination of the Kenya Cardiac Society. Blood pres sure, pulse rate, weight, and height were measured by standard methods. Definitions of HTN and statistical methods all adhered to the standard MMM proto col. We screened 49 548 subjects, mean age 39.95 (15.3) years. In total, 49.4% had never had a BP measurement taken. After multiple imputation, 17.1% were hyper tensive and of those who were hypertensive, 30.7% were aware, 26.6% were on an tihypertensive treatment, and 13.0% had controlled BP. Alcohol use, excess weight, and treatment for HTN were associated with higher BP. The Kenyan MMM18 sites successfully screened more than three times the number screened in 2017, hence improving public awareness. Less than half the population had ever had a BP check. Less than a third of the hypertensives were aware with correspondingly poor treat ment and control rates. Opportunistic mass screening is useful in raising public awareness.

A Fatal Case of Infant Oral Mutilation Practice

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

A Fatal Case of Infant Oral Mutilation Practice Kemoli Arthur Musakulu, Immaculate Achieng Opondo Infant oral mutilation (IOM) is a traditional dental practice where traditional healers enucleate primary canine tooth buds in children in the hope of preventing or curing childhood illness. The method applied is heinous, painful, and carried out in unsterile environment, and this increases the morbidity and mortality of children from the communities where IOM is rife. The case report described here arose from a village, where an infant with a medical issue ended up in the hands of a local traditional healer who enucleated her four primary canine tooth buds. The traditional treatment resulted in the fatality of the child in <24 h of the procedure, a testimony that some traditional therapeutic procedures have no place in managing common childhood illnesses.

Pediatric Reference Values for Some Renal Biochemistry Tests in Meru County, Kenya

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

Pediatric Reference Values for Some Renal Biochemistry Tests in Meru County, Kenya RM Kainyu, S Kiruki, ENM Njagi, O George International Journal of Bioprocess & Biotechnological Advancements

Phytochemistry and insecticidal activity of Annona mucosa leaf extracts against Sitophilus zeamais and Prostephanus truncatus

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

Phytochemistry and insecticidal activity of Annona mucosa leaf extracts against Sitophilus zeamais and Prostephanus truncatus Albert Mulianga Makenzi, Lawrence Onyango Arot Manguro, and Philip Okinda Owuor A new oleanane type triterpene characterized as 3α, 24-diacetoxy-12-oleanene (1) together with known compounds 2-10, were isolated from Annona mucosa leaf extracts. Their structural elucidation was accomplished using physical and spectroscopic methods. The compounds showed weak to moderate insecticidal activities against stored maize insect pests Sitophilus zeamais and Prostephanus truncatus.