Hepatoproctive effects of benincasa hispida on paracetamol induced hepatotoxity among the wister albino Rats

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Hepatoproctive effects of benincasa hispida on paracetamol induced hepatotoxity among the wister albino Rats MODI, Elkana Paracetamol is an over-the-counter medication commonly used for managing low grade pain and fever. However, despite its clinical effectiveness it has been associated with liver disease when taken in overdose. From literatures, Benincasa hispida has been associated with the hepatoprotective effects on drug induced hepatotoxicity. However, there is paucity of literature showing the hepatoprotective effects of Benincasa hispida on paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity. The aims of the study were to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of Benincasa hispida on paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity, determine the gross histomorphological changes that occur on liver following paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity to also determine the hepatoprotective effect of Benincasa hispida seed extracts on paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity and to lastly evaluate different levels of biochemical parameters required in hepatoprotection in paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity. A controlled- experimental study design where a post-test group of wister albino rats was used. The modified resource equation was used to select twenty- five animals and separate them into five groups each. The first group was the control and the other remaining four were the experimental group one, two, three and four. The control was only administered with water adlibitum, the group one experimental group was administered with an induction dose of 1500mg of paracetamol, the second, third and fourth experimental groups were administered with a constant dose of 1500mg of paracetamol and later administered with different doses of 100mg/kbwt, 200mg/kbwt and 300mg/kbwt Benincasa hispida respectively. All the animals the animals were humanely sacrificed on the twentieth day. Blood was collected, liver tissue were histologically prepared, and photomicrographs taken. The collected data were entered into the excel and uploaded into SPSS. One way ANOVA was used to test the difference between the group means and the Bonferroni post hoc test was used to find the significance, P-value of < 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval was found to be statistically significant. Data were presented in tables, and figures. There was significance (p≤ 0.001) reduction in the weight, length, width and thickness of the liver in the Paracetamol group as related with the control group. There was statistical (p≤ 0.001) difference of the weight, length, width and thickness of the liver of the HBH group as compared to the Paracetamol group. There was statistical (p ≤ 0.001) significance in the level of the alkaline phosphatase aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferas and alkaline phosphatase in the High dose of Benincasa Hispida group as compared to the paracetamol group. The High Dose of Benincasa Hispida was alble to protect the hepatoprotective effects of Paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity Master's Thesis

Protective effects of rosmarinus officinalis on gentamicin - Induced acute Kidney injury in male albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Protective effects of rosmarinus officinalis on gentamicin - Induced acute Kidney injury in male albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus) WANYONYI, Kennedy,Waswa Acute Kidney injury (AKI) is a worldwide public health challenge associated with high morbidity, mortality, and high healthcare costs in developing countries. Studies have established that one cause of these injuries is the use of gentamicin (GN) which is an affordable and efficacious first- line drug for managing all gram-negative bacteria thus preferred, especially in low-income populations. Approximately 30% of patients treated with GN for more than seven days exhibits signs and symptoms of AKI and 20% to 55 develops AKI. When AKI progresses to chronic kidney disease, dialysis, done three times a week at a cost of Ksh7,000 per session, is inevitable. This cost is unaffordable to many therefore, calls for intervention of a potent, affordable compound with antioxidant activity to reduce the oxidative stress during GN medication. Rosmarinus Officinalis (RO) which is easily available and affordable natural antioxidant can be used to stop oxidation. Minimal research has been done to develop high-quality interventions to prevent the GN effects using RO herbs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of RO on GN- induced acute Kidney injury in male albino rats. The study determined the protective gross morphological and histological effects of RO on gentamicin induced AKI in albino rats, established histo-stereological changes in the kidney after administration of different doses of RO on gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury in albino rats, and assessed changes in the biochemical parameters of the kidney; Serum creatinine and blood urea after administration of GN and different doses of RO in albino rats. A total of 25 albino rats were simple randomly divided into a control of 5 rats and an experimental of 20 rats. The control received a rat diet plus water. The experimental group was further sub-divided into four sub-groups of 5 rats each: Gentamicin GN100mg/kg/bwt/i.p, low dose RO 100mg/kg/bwt+GN 100mg/kg, medium dose RO150mg/kg/bwt +GN100mg/kg, and high dose RO 200mg/kg/bwt + GN100mg/kg groups. One- way ANOVA was used to test the means within control and treatment groups for the histo- stereology, the weight of the rats, biochemical parameters, and gross morphometric data. The findings showed that there was a significant P< 0.0001 reduction in the parameters: mean terminal weights of the rats, weight, volume, thickness, width, length ,and the glomerulus volume of the Gentamicin group compared with the control groups. Further, there was a significant P<0.0001 increase in urea and creatinine levels recorded in the Gentamicin group to signify nephrotoxicity induced in the kidneys. In comparing the gentamicin group and the RO groups, there was no significant difference in the above-mentioned parameters in the gentamicin group, and the low and medium dose RO groups. However, a significant reduction was recorded in the high dose RO and control group. While the glomerulus, proximal, and distal convoluted tubules, and Bowman’s space for the low RO, medium RO, and gentamicin group were shrunken and dilated respectively, those for the high dose RO and the controls were normal and comparable. The Biochemical parameters further revealed that there was no significant difference observed between the high dose RO and the control group. Similar results were also found in the stereological findings where the glomerulus volume of the high dose RO and the controls were comparable unlike for the low and medium doses RO. In conclusion, the high dose RO has a protective effect on gross morphological, histological, stereological, and biomarkers against gentamicin-induced AKI. Therefore, there is need to do further research to ascertain its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics so that it can be used alongside Gentamicin treatment to counteract kidney injuries which has led to chronic kidney disease, ultimately reducing Kidney related mortalities. Master's Thesis

Department of Anatomy

Hepatoproctive effects of benincasa hispida on paracetamol induced hepatotoxity among the wister albino Rats

Protective effects of rosmarinus officinalis on gentamicin - Induced acute Kidney injury in male albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus)