School of Medicine: Recent submissions

Now showing items 361-380 of 567

    • Association between sickle cell trait and low density parasitaemia in a P. falciparum malaria holoendemic region of Western Kenya 

      Walter Otieno, Benson Estambale, Joash R Aluoch, Stacey MO Gondi, José A Stoute (University of Nairobi Institute of Tropical & Infectious Diseases (UNITID), Kenya, 2012)
      Aims: The frequency of the mutant gene for sickle cell is widely distributed in the sub- Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent. There is epidemiologic evidence that sickle cell trait confers a ...

    • Red blood cell immune complex binding capacity in children with sickle cell trait (HbAS) living in P. falciparum malaria holoendemic region of Western Kenya 

      Walter Otieno, Benson BA Estambale, Michael M Odera, Joash R Aluoch, José A Stoute (ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH UNIT-KENYA APO NEW YORK 09675, 2013)
      Malaria infection leads to the formation of circulating immune complexes CICs which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of complicated malaria which includes severe malarial anemia. Children with sickle cell trait ...

    • Sickle cell trait (HbAS) is associated with increased expression of erythrocyte complement regulatory proteins CR1 and CD55 levels in children 

      Walter Otieno, Benson B Estambale, Michael M Odera, Stacey MO Gondi, Joash R Aluoch, José A Stoute (International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health, 2013)
      Aims: Erythrocyte complement regulatory proteins, complement receptor 1 (CR1) and decay accelerating factor (CD55) protect red blood cells (RBCs) from complement mediated damage by controlling complement activation cascade ...

    • Health & demographic surveillance system profile: the Kombewa health and demographic surveillance system (Kombewa HDSS) 

      Peter Sifuna, Mary Oyugi, Bernhards Ogutu, Ben Andagalu, Allan Otieno, Victorine Owira, Nekoye Otsyula, Janet Oyieko, Jessica Cowden, Lucas Otieno, Walter Otieno (Oxford University Press, 2014)
      The Kombewa Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) grew out of the Kombewa Clinical Research Centre in 2007 and has since established itself as a platform for the conduct of regulated clinical trials, nested ...

    • Pharmacokinetic evaluation of intravenous artesunate in adults with uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Kenya: a phase II study 

      Qigui Li, Shon Remich, Scott R Miller, Bernhards Ogutu, Walter Otieno, Victor Melendez, Paktiya Teja-Isavadharm, Peter J Weina, Mark R Hickman, Bryan Smith & Mark Polhemus (spring link, 2014)
      Background Alternatives to treatment for malaria treatment of travellers are needed in the USA and in Europe for travellers who return with severe malaria infections. The objective of this study is to show the pharmacokinetic ...

    • The Benefits of research partnerships to the community at KEMRI/Walter Reed Project 

      George OKoth, Lucas Otieno, Victorine Owira, Bernhards Ogutu, Walter Otieno (Dspace, 2015)
      Ethical Principles on Human Subject Protection in Clinical Research revolves around Autonomy, Beneficence and Justice. Beneficence requires that the benefits to research participants are maximized as you minimize the risk ...

    • Genetic diversity and protective efficacy of the RTS, S/AS01 malaria vaccine 

      Daniel E Neafsey, Michal Juraska, Trevor Bedford, David Benkeser, Clarissa Valim, Allison Griggs, Marc Lievens, Salim Abdulla, Samuel Adjei, Tsiri Agbenyega, Selidji T Agnandji, Pedro Aide, Scott Anderson, Daniel Ansong, John J Aponte, Kwaku Poku Asante, Philip Bejon, Ashley J Birkett, Myriam Bruls, Kristen M Connolly, Umberto D’Alessandro, Carlota Dobaño, Samwel Gesase, Brian Greenwood, Jonna Grimsby, Halidou Tinto, Mary J Hamel, Irving Hoffman, Portia Kamthunzi, Simon Kariuki, Peter G Kremsner, Amanda Leach, Bertrand Lell, Niall J Lennon, John Lusingu, Kevin Marsh, Francis Martinson, Jackson T Molel, Eli L Moss, Patricia Njuguna, Christian F Ockenhouse, Bernhards Ragama Ogutu, Walter Otieno, Lucas Otieno, Kephas Otieno, Seth Owusu-Agyei, Daniel J Park, Karell Pellé, Dana Robbins, Carsten Russ, Elizabeth M Ryan, Jahit Sacarlal, Brian Sogoloff, Hermann Sorgho, Marcel Tanner, Thor Theander, Innocent Valea, Sarah K Volkman, Qing Yu, Didier Lapierre, Bruce W Birren, Peter B Gilbert, Dyann F Wirth (Massachusetts Medical Society, 2015)
      BACKGROUND The RTS,S/AS01 vaccine targets the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum and has partial protective efficacy against clinical and severe malaria disease in infants and children. We investigated ...

    • Immunogenicity of the RTS, S/AS01 malaria vaccine and implications for duration of vaccine efficacy: secondary analysis of data from a phase 3 randomised controlled trial 

      Michael T White, Robert Verity, Jamie T Griffin, Kwaku Poku Asante, Seth Owusu-Agyei, Brian Greenwood, Chris Drakeley, Samwel Gesase, John Lusingu, Daniel Ansong, Samuel Adjei, Tsiri Agbenyega, Bernhards Ogutu, Lucas Otieno, Walter Otieno, Selidji T Agnandji, Bertrand Lell, Peter Kremsner, Irving Hoffman, Francis Martinson, Portia Kamthunzu, Halidou Tinto, Innocent Valea, Hermann Sorgho, Martina Oneko, Kephas Otieno, Mary J Hamel, Nahya Salim, Ali Mtoro, Salim Abdulla, Pedro Aide, Jahit Sacarlal, John J Aponte, Patricia Njuguna, Kevin Marsh, Philip Bejon, Eleanor M Riley, Azra C Ghani (Elsevier, 2015)
      Background The RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine targets the circumsporozoite protein, inducing antibodies associated with the prevention of Plasmodium falciparum infection. We assessed the association between anti-circumsporo ...

    • Safety and immunogenicity of RTS, S/AS01 malaria vaccine in infants and children with WHO stage 1 or 2 HIV disease: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial 

      Lucas Otieno, Martina Oneko, Walter Otieno, Joseph Abuodha, Emmanuel Owino, Chris Odero, Yolanda Guerra Mendoza, Ben Andagalu, Norbert Awino, Karen Ivinson, Dirk Heerwegh, Nekoye Otsyula, Maria Oziemkowska, Effua Abigail Usuf, Allan Otieno, Kephas Otieno, Didier Leboulleux, Amanda Leach, Janet Oyieko, Laurence Slutsker, Marc Lievens, Jessica Cowden, Didier Lapierre, Simon Kariuki, Bernhards Ogutu, Johan Vekemans, Mary J Hamel (Elsevier, 2016)
      Background Malaria remains a major global public health concern, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The RTS,S/AS01 malaria candidate vaccine was reviewed by the European Medicines Agency and received a positive scientific ...

    • Using health and demographic surveillance systems for teratovigilance in Africa 

      Fati Kirakoya-Samadoulougou, Issiaka Sombié, Bernhards Ogutu, Halidou Tinto, Seni Kouanda, Alfred B Tiono, Walter Otieno, Alexander Dodoo, Mamusu Kamanda, Osman Sankoh (Elsevier, 2016)
      Increased funding in the past decade has improved healthcare coverage of the population and access to vaccines and drugs across sub-Saharan Africa.1 However, there is still a need to collect valid and sufficient baseline ...

    • Male partner involvement in efforts to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Kisumu County, Western Kenya, 2015 

      Elvis Oyugi, Zeinab Gura, Waqo Boru, Jane Githuku, Dickens Onyango, Walter Otieno, Venny Nyambati (2017)
      Introduction male partner involvement in elimination of mother-to-child transmission (eMTCT) of HIV activities remains low in Western Kenya, despite its importance in reducing rates of child HIV transmission. We sought ...

    • Assessing levels and trends of adult mortality in Sub Saharan Africa using INDEPTH health and demographic surveillance systems 

      Martin Bangha, George Wak, Momodou Jasseh, Gilles Pison, Robert Newton, Xavier Gomez-Olive, Peter Sifuna, Walter Otieno, Osman Sankoh (2017)
      There is still a considerable dearth of knowledge regarding adult mortality and premature deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Attempts to measure adult mortality using censuses and cross-sectional surveys rely mainly on ...

    • Daily home fortification with iron as ferrous fumarate versus NaFeEDTA: a randomised, placebo-controlled, non-inferiority trial in Kenyan children 

      Emily M Teshome, Pauline EA Andang’o, Victor Osoti, Sofie R Terwel, Walter Otieno, Ayşe Y Demir, Andrew M Prentice, Hans Verhoef (BioMed Centra, 2017)
      Background: We aimed to show the non-inferiority of home fortification with a daily dose of 3 mg iron in the form of iron as ferric sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (NaFeEDTA) compared with 12.5 mg iron as encapsulated ferrous ...

    • Longitudinal estimation of Plasmodium falciparum prevalence in relation to malaria prevention measures in six sub-Saharan African countries 

      Chris Drakeley, Salim Abdulla, Selidji Todagbe Agnandji, José Francisco Fernandes, Peter Kremsner, Bertrand Lell, Ludovic Mewono, Bache Emmanuel Bache, Michael Gabriel Mihayo, Omar Juma, Marcel Tanner, Marc Christian Tahita, Halidou Tinto, Salou Diallo, Palpouguini Lompo, Umberto D’Alessandro, Bernhards Ogutu, Lucas Otieno, Solomon Otieno, Walter Otieno, Janet Oyieko, Kwaku Poku Asante, Dominic Bon-Ereme Dery, George Adjei, Elisha Adeniji, Dorcas Atibilla, Seth Owusu-Agyei, Brian Greenwood, Samwel Gesase, John Lusingu, Coline Mahende, Robert Mongi, Samuel Adjei, Tsiri Agbenyega, Alex Agyekum, Daniel Ansong, John Tanko Bawa, Harry Owusu Boateng, Léonard Dandalo, Veronica Escamilla, Irving Hoffman, Peter Maenje, Francis Martinson, Terrell Carter, Didier Leboulleux, David C Kaslow, Effua Usuf, Jean-Yves Pirçon, Edith Roset Bahmanyar (BioMed Central, 2017)
      Background Plasmodium falciparum prevalence (PfPR) is a widely used metric for assessing malaria transmission intensity. This study was carried out concurrently with the RTS,S/AS01 candidate malaria vaccine Phase III trial ...

    • Host-mediated selection impacts the diversity of Plasmodium falciparum antigens within infections 

      ngela M Early, Marc Lievens, Bronwyn L MacInnis, Christian F Ockenhouse, Sarah K Volkman, Samuel Adjei, Tsiri Agbenyega, Daniel Ansong, Stacey Gondi, Brian Greenwood, Mary Hamel, Chris Odero, Kephas Otieno, Walter Otieno, Seth Owusu-Agyei, Kwaku Poku Asante, Hermann Sorgho, Lucas Tina, Halidou Tinto, Innocent Valea, Dyann F Wirth, Daniel E Neafsey (Nature Publishing Group, 2018)
      Host immunity exerts strong selective pressure on pathogens. Population-level genetic analysis can identify signatures of this selection, but these signatures reflect the net selective effect of all hosts and vectors in a ...

    • A Spatiotemporal Analysis of HIV-Associated Mortality in Rural Western Kenya 2011–2015 

      Peter Sifuna, Lucas Otieno, Ben Andagalu, Janet Oyieko, Bernhards Ogutu, Valentine Singoei, John Owuoth, Sheila Ogwang, Jessica Cowden, Walter Otieno (2018)
      Background: Reliable data on the HIV epidemic is critical for the measurement of the impact of HIV response and for the implementation of further interventions. Methods: We used mortality data from the Kombewa health ...

    • A comparison of all-cause and cause-specific mortality by household socioeconomic status across seven INDEPTH network health and demographic surveillance systems in sub-Saharan Africa 

      Prevalence and Factors Associated With Initiation of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy among Children Aged Below Five Years in Kisumu County; Prevalence and Factors Associated With Initiation of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy among Children Aged Below Five Years in Kisumu County (Taylor & FrancisTaylor & Francis, 2019)
      ABSTRACT Background: Understanding socioeconomic disparities in all-cause and cause-specific mortality can help inform prevention and treatment strategies. Objectives: To quantify cause-specific mortality rates by ...

    • A neonatal nutrition network for sub-Saharan Africa 

      Grace M. Nalwa Macrine Adhiambo Olwala, Walter Otieno (www.infantjournal.co.uk/writing.html, 2020)

    • Molecular identity of mycobacteria isolates in new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Kisumu County, Western Kenya 

      Geoffrey Arasa Ouno, Rose Kakai, Henry ND Nyamogoba, Biegon RK, Cornelius K Magut, Wilfred B Murithi (tuberculosis, 2017)
      Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most challenging diseases to control in the world today and it has become a major global health problem especially in immunocompromised people such as HIV/AIDS. The problem ...

    • Safety profile of the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine in infants and children: additional data from a phase III randomized controlled trial in sub-Saharan Africa 

      Yolanda Guerra Mendoza, Elodie Garric, Amanda Leach, Marc Lievens, Opokua Ofori-Anyinam, Jean-Yves Pirçon, Jens-Ulrich Stegmann, Pascale Vandoolaeghe, Lucas Otieno, Walter Otieno, Seth Owusu-Agyei, Jahit Sacarlal, Nahya Salim Masoud, Hermann Sorgho, Marcel Tanner, Halidou Tinto, Innocent Valea, Ali Takadir Mtoro, Patricia Njuguna, Martina Oneko, Godfrey Allan Otieno, Kephas Otieno, Samwel Gesase, Mary J Hamel, Irving Hoffman, Seyram Kaali, Portia Kamthunzi, Peter Kremsner, Miguel Lanaspa, Bertrand Lell, John Lusingu, Anangisye Malabeja, Pedro Aide, Pauline Akoo, Daniel Ansong, Kwaku Poku Asante, James A Berkley, Samuel Adjei, Tsiri Agbenyega, Selidji Todagbe Agnandji, Lode Schuerman (Taylor & Francis, 2019)
      A phase III, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial (NCT00866619) in sub-Saharan Africa showed RTS,S/AS01 vaccine efficacy against malaria. We now present in-depth safety results from this study. 8922 children (enrolled ...